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Genetics
Unit 6: Welcome
Objectives
Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e., dominant, recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles).
Describe processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (i.e., crossing-over, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion).
Unit 6: Feature
Essential questions
What patterns of inheritance would you predict for dominant recessive, co-dominant, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, and multiple alleles
How do the following processes alter the composition or number of chromosomes: crossing-over, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion?
Key terms and Definition
Mendelian inheritance
genes and traits are passed from parents to their children
Non-Mendelian inheritance
any inheritance patterns that don't follow one or more laws of Mendelian genetics
Protein synthesis
the process where amino acids are arranged into proteins through the ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and other enzymes
Transcription
the process in which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA
Translation
the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus
Gene
a unit of DNA that is located on a chromosome and that controls the development of one or more traits and is the basic unit by which genetic information is passed from parent to offspring
Genetic
patterns of inheritance of specific traits, relating to genes and genetic information
Phenotype
The expression of a particular trait, for example, skin color, height, behavior, etc, according to the individual's genetic makeup
Genotype
the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait.
Polygenic inheritance
the determination of a particular characteristic, height or skin color, by many genes
Alleles
one of the possible forms of a gene
Genetic mutation
permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene
Inheritance
process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires characteristics of its parent cell or organism.
Incomplete dominance
when a dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of a recessive allele
Codominance
a form of dominance where the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed.
Multiple alleles
Three or more alternative forms of a gene (alleles) that can occupy the same locus
Sex-linked traits
Genes on the X or Y chromosome
Multiple choice Question
What is the phenotype for the genotype “ii” ?
type b blood
type a blood
type O blood
type ab blood
Unit 6: Event
Short Answer Question
Not all genes have one dominant and one recessive alleles. What may they have and what does it mean?
Unit 6: About
Answer Key
Multiple choice question answer/ Short Question Answer
Blood type O
They may have incomplete dominance, meaning that a heterozygous individual has a phenotype that differs from those with either homozygous genotype.
Unit 6: About
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