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Cell Growth and Reproduction
Unit 5: Welcome
Objective
Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division (i.e., mitosis or meiosis), cytokinesis.
Compare the processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions.
Describe how the process of DNA replication results in the transmission and/or conservation of genetic information.
Explain the functional relationships between DNA, genes, alleles, and chromosomes and their roles in inheritance.
Unit 5: Feature
Essential Questions
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What are the events that occur during the stages of the cell cycle: interphase nuclear division (i.e. mitosis or meiosis), and cytokinesis?
How are mitosis and meiosis similar and different?
How does DNA replication result in the transmission and/or conservation or genetic information?
What is the functional relationship between DNA, genes, alleles, and chromosomes?
key Terms And definitions
Allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Cell cycle
the cycle of growth and asexual reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase followed in actively dividing cells by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Chromosome
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Crossing over
the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
Cytokinesis
the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
DNA replication
DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
Dominant
most important, powerful, or influential.
Frameshift mutation
A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by indels of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.
Gametes
a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
Gene
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Interphase
the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
Meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
Mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Ribosome
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
Transcription
a written or printed representation of something.
the process of translating
the process of translating words or text from one language into another.
Unit 5: About
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